Cyber and Emerging Threats Spot Report

Open-Source Review of Iranian Cyber Threats

June 23, 2025

Iran has emerged as a significant cyber threat actor over the past two decades, developing asymmetric capabilities in cyberspace as a counterbalance to its conventional military limitations. Iran’s cyber warfare program has evolved from rudimentary defacements to highly targeted operations. This Spot Report provides an open-source overview of Iran’s cyber capabilities, notable incidents, threat actor groups, and the current state of the Iranian cyber threat based on publicly available sources.